ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ИННОВАЦИЙ В СТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЕ | Опубликовать статью ВАК, elibrary (НЭБ)

Салихова И.Э.

Аспирантка, Финансовый университет при Правительстве РФ

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ИННОВАЦИЙ В СТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЕ

Аннотация

В статье автор определил проблему применения инновационных технологий в строительной отрасли. Тот же автор дает несколько рекомендаций, которые могут помочь решить проблемы, ранее озвученные.

Ключевые слова: инновации, строительная сфера, инновационные процессы, инновационные технологии, экономика.

Salihova I. E.

Postgraduate student, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation

THE PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INNOVATIONS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Abstract

In the article the author has identified the problem of application of innovative technologies in the construction industry. The same author gives several recommendations that can help solve the problems previously voiced.

Keywords: innovations, construction industry, innovative technologies, expensive, costs, profit, problem, Economcs.

The transition of the Russian economy to an innovative direction is the most popular subject for discussion.

Subject the transition of the Russian economy to an innovative direction is the most popular for discussion. Innovative economy can be regarded as a reaction to changes in the state of conditions in the world market through the creation of favorable conditions for business, when it is necessary to further the objectives with limited resources [1, c. 4].

Innovation in the construction industry is characterized as a system of measures for the implementation of the production process of intellectual and scientific and technological capabilities in order to obtain a completely new or improved products to meet market demand.

One of the key sectors of the Russian economy is construction. Years of economic reforms have strong significant changes in this area. For example, there was a mechanism of state influence, which basically controls the investment activity in the construction industry. Along with the development of business generated financial and construction, financial and industrial groups, associations and joint-stock association. The emergence of these groups leads to increased competitiveness, innovation and investment activity of companies to the construction industry.

However, for business, introduction and development of innovative processes is unattractive, time-consuming and very expensive work.

Manufacturers of building materials are in no hurry to invest in the creation of new products, so it is not known whether the effort be rewarded. Designers do not seek to take into account new projects innovative technologies and materials. Innovations in most cases are not in demand by architects and designers [2, c.10].

In the area of housing, Russia remains a country that stubbornly continues to support the construction of housing types, most of them do not meet modern standards. To this type of property include multi-storey reinforced concrete-box house, built on the old panel technology. Although, it should be noted that the new monolithic technology is also far from ideal. Skills of workers employed on construction sites, raise doubts among many experts. Moreover, no one can predict how to behave in a monolithic building structure, say, after 10 years as on construction sites are often violated technological regimes [3, c.29].

March 4, 2014 a meeting of the Presidium of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation on economic modernization and innovative development of Russia. The key issues at the meeting was the use of innovative technologies in construction.

During the meeting, Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev said that “In recent years, Russia has implemented a number of large-scale construction projects, in general, understandable for us large construction projects – is the Universiade in Kazan, the APEC summit in Vladivostok, the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi. All this can be considered as a whole, – successful projects that have demonstrated the capabilities of our building complex. ”

Also, during his speech, Prime Minister drew attention to the fact that despite all the advances, the situation in the construction industry is far from perfect and requires special attention and serious decisions [4, c.10].

During the meeting, revealed three groups of conflict, which was supposed to focus too much attention.

The first group carried the conflict lack of coordination of educational centers and participants in the innovation cycle. These participants are self-regulated state, industry research centers, education centers, development institutions. This issue should be resolved Ministry of Construction. This will lead to an improvement in the business climate in the construction industry and to the improvement of legal regulation.

The second group includes the contradictions that arise at different stages of construction. The use of innovation in the construction industry (and not only) for the most part involve larger costs during the construction and design, and to benefit from the use of innovation is usually not obvious. Typically, a customer is interested in reducing the costs of construction and of primarily suffers quality building materials and labor. However, the management company is trying to use the constructed object to the maximum. All of these factors are contradictory, which is constantly faced by the participants of innovation and construction process. To solve this problem, innovation should be energy efficient, more environmentally friendly and frost, which in turn is costly.

And finally, the third group, it is a problem of technical standards. Standards and codes of practice often lags behind technology development. To solve the problems of differences is necessary to the best foreign sources and experience.

It should be understood that one can not say that the construction market in Russia is conserved and is immune to innovation. Quite often, the industry generated innovative technologies that lead to a reduction in the period of construction of objects, reduce the cost of materials, increase the service life, improve comfort and quality. Need to say, in practice, often, the use of new technology in the construction is more expensive and consequently economically disadvantageous. And when you consider the fact that construction sites are mainly operated by technical equipment remaining from the Soviet era, which is inferior to the use of modern analogues of the new construction equipment, in most cases, will cost the company dearly.

In conjunction with this innovative impulses hampered by administrative barriers and regulations: operating in our country building codes forced to pledge an amount of material that is lost entire savings. Becomes unprofitable to implement the new technology: construction norms and the guests have left behind the modern features.

In addition, the Federal Law “On Procurement of goods, works and services for state and municipal needs” from 21.07.2005 № 94-FZ provides that for the provision of construction work carried out tenders. According to the law, in these tenders winning companies that offered the lowest price among competitors. Naturally, in this case, the company’s goal – to reduce the cost of construction, and it is clear that the use of innovative technologies is not assumed [5, c.39].

At the same time constantly messages appear from the authorities that the introduction of new technologies and materials necessary as a panacea for recovery and further development of the construction industry. The result is a vicious circle. The construction market requires innovation, but their implementation in full is not yet possible.